Ramadorai (2016), International Comparative Household
Finance, Annual Review of Economics 8, 111-144.
Badarinza, C., J. Campbell & T. Ramadorai (2017), What Calls to ARMs? International
Evidence on Interest [...] einer festen Zinsbindung gegenüber einer
variablen Verzinsung bei Immobilienfinanzierungen international sehr unterschiedlich ist.4
Uneinigkeit herrscht allerdings in der Literatur darüber, wie die [...] page
21
Rachel, L. & T. D. Smith (2017), Are Low Real Interest Rates Here to Stay?, International
Journal of Central Banking 13(3), 1-42.
Rampini, A. & S. Viswanathan (2016), Household Risk
Office of International Affairs (2013), Report to the Congress
on International Economic and Exchange Rate Policies, available at:
http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/international/exchange-rate- [...] coalition could
adopt measures in reaction to international pressure that could weaken the German export sector
and Germany as an international business location (Handelsblatt, 2014).
[...] ennachfrage-
familienunternehmer-attackieren-spd/9580216.html.
IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2014), International Financial Statistics Online, available at:
http://www.imf.org
Jost
Service strategies within the manufacturing sector:
benefits, costs and partnership, in: International Journal of Service
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[11] Müller [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
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von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt
Roffia (2013), Euro Area Money Demand and
International Portfolio Allocation: A contribution to assessing risks to price stability,
Journal of International Money and Finance 32, pp 377-404.
Dreger [...] Euro Area,
Journal of International Money and Finance 29, pp. 111-122.
Evans, Martin D. D. (2005), Where Are We Now? Real-Time Estimates of the
Macroeconomy, International Journal of Central Banking [...]
Canova, F. & T. Menz (2011), Does Money Matter in Shaping Domestic Business
Cycles? An International Investigation, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 43, pp.
577-607.
Canova, F. & F. Ferroni
Roffia (2013), Euro Area Money Demand and
International Portfolio Allocation: A contribution to assessing risks to price stability,
Journal of International Money and Finance 32, pp 377-404.
Dreger [...] Euro Area,
Journal of International Money and Finance 29, pp. 111-122.
Evans, Martin D. D. (2005), Where Are We Now? Real-Time Estimates of the
Macroeconomy, International Journal of Central Banking [...]
Canova, F. & T. Menz (2011), Does Money Matter in Shaping Domestic Business
Cycles? An International Investigation, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 43, pp.
577-607.
Canova, F. & F. Ferroni
Roffia (2013), Euro Area Money Demand and
International Portfolio Allocation: A contribution to assessing risks to price stability,
Journal of International Money and Finance 32, pp 377-404.
Dreger [...] Euro Area,
Journal of International Money and Finance 29, pp. 111-122.
Evans, Martin D. D. (2005), Where Are We Now? Real-Time Estimates of the
Macroeconomy, International Journal of Central Banking [...]
Canova, F. & T. Menz (2011), Does Money Matter in Shaping Domestic Business
Cycles? An International Investigation, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 43, pp.
577-607.
Canova, F. & F. Ferroni
Roffia (2013), Euro Area Money Demand and
International Portfolio Allocation: A contribution to assessing risks to price stability,
Journal of International Money and Finance 32, pp 377-404.
Dreger [...] Euro Area,
Journal of International Money and Finance 29, pp. 111-122.
Evans, Martin D. D. (2005), Where Are We Now? Real-Time Estimates of the
Macroeconomy, International Journal of Central Banking [...]
Canova, F. & T. Menz (2011), Does Money Matter in Shaping Domestic Business
Cycles? An International Investigation, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 43, pp.
577-607.
Canova, F. & F. Ferroni
has declined and fiscal positions have improved. While Afri-
can countries are still affected by internal and external shocks the continent has also shown a
remarkable resilience to such shocks. At the [...] 2013). An increased resilience of African countries
against external shocks and less frequent internal shocks such as political or military conflicts
may also have contributed to lower growth volatility [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt
Understanding the meaning of collaboration in the supply chain. In: Supply Chain Management: An
International Journal 9 (1), S. 30–42. DOI: 10.1108/13598540410517566.
Bayern Innovativ (2025): Bayern Innovativ [...] 22
Christopher, Martin; Peck, Helen (2004): Building the Resilient Supply Chain. In: The International Journal of Logistics Management
15 (2), S. 1–14. DOI: 10.1108/09574090410700275.
Delgado [...] COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual and formal generalisation of four major
adaptation strategies. In: International Journal of Production Research 59 (12), S. 3535–3552. DOI:
10.1080/00207543.2021.1890852.
Summers, Robert und Alan Heston (1991). “The Penn World Table (Mark 5): an ex-
panded set of international comparisons, 1950–1988”. In: The Quarterly Journal of
Economics 106.2, S. 327–368.
Tavares [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt [...]
42 DO UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION INFLUENCE
SUICIDE MORTALITY? AN INTERNATIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
von Horst Rottmann
page
43 Die neuen europäischen Regeln
2025
Abstract
Zahlungsmittelkosten für Verbraucher sind schwer zu ermitteln, werden international nicht harmonisiert
erfasst und schwanken je nach Studienergebnis deutlich von Land zu Land. Sie [...] English abstract
Payment costs for consumers are difficult to determine, are not recorded in an internationally
harmonised manner and vary significantly from country to country. They are incurred in many [...] or the payment process, and costs of data disclosure. To determine the total
costs and for international comparisons, different key figures are calculated, such as the cost per
transaction, as a percentage
within the automotive supply industry. This progression can be
attributed, in part, to the international distribution of production sites and the
heterogeneity of the product portfolio. However, [...] System (MES) implementiert. Aufgrund von
Personalkapazitäten und strukturellen Gegebenheiten sind interne Transporte und
deren Zyklen nicht veränderbar. Chargen und Losgrößen sind aufgrund der
P [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt
Befürchtungen, dass die neue Währung nicht so stabil wie die D-Mark sein könnte.
Die D-Mark gehörte international über 50 Jahre zu den zwei Währungen mit den niedrigsten
Inflationsraten. In diesem Beitrag wird [...] sich die Deutsche Bundesbank jedoch noch effektiver der
Bekämpfung der Inflation widmen, die international durch den ersten Ölpreisschock im Jahr
[...] Vergleich dazu in den USA, dem Vereinigten Königreich, Japan
und der Schweiz (den Ländern mit den international bedeutendsten Währungen). In
Deutschland stieg das Preisniveau von einem Jahresdurchschnittswert
extrem ausgeprägt. Aber auch
page
17
generell scheint dieses Vorsichtssparen international eine empirische Gesetzmäßigkeit zu sein
(siehe z. B. Levenko, 2020).17
In Abbildung 5 [...] University Press.
Levenko, N. (2020), Perceived uncertainty as a key driver of household saving, International
Review of Economics and Finance 65, 126–145.
Mankiw, N.G. (2022), Macroeconomics, 11th edition [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt
weaponized to promote non-cash payments, even if the level of these
fees varies significantly internationally. Ron Delnevo, the Chair of the Payment Choice Alliance,
made this point very clearly and [...] 23,
July.
Ashworth, J. & C. Goodhart (2020), The Surprising Recovery of Currency Usage, International
Journal of Central Banking 16, 239-277.
Assenmacher, K., F. Seitz & J. Tenhofen (2017), The [...] in: Deutsche Bundesbank (ed.), War on cash: Is there a future for cash?,
conference volume "International Cash Conference 2017", Seiters, Frankfurt am Main, 148-
196.
Assenmacher, K., F. Seitz & J
for International Settlements
(2020). Central bank digital currencies: Foundational principles and core features (1; Series
of Collaborations from a Group of Central Banks). Bank for International Settlement [...] seminar was then held in
Istanbul on 6 November, bringing together a multidisciplinary panel of international
specialists:
• Héctor Labat, Research Fellow, CashEssentials
• Tim Stuchtey Brandenburg [...] digital currencies: Drivers,
approaches and technologies (880; BIS Working Papers). Bank for International
Settlements.
Bank of Canada, ECB, Bank of Japan, Sveriges Riksbank, Swiss National Bank
crisis (Deutsche Bundesbank 2018). In
the four largest economies (Italy, France, Spain and Germany), internal financing has increased
sharply and been subject to only minor fluctuations. In comparison, external [...] where ch
t is household consumption in t, lt is hours worked; γ measures the importance
of (internal) habit formation, β is the discount factor, ψ denotes the weight on labour,
and η denotes the inverse [...] Nevertheless, the effect on output is negligible since well-capitalised entrepreneurs
can rely on internal finance, which reduces demand for bonds because their equity
increases sufficiently.
4.2 Leverage
Unser, M. (2002): Finanzwirtschaftliches
Risikomanagement, 2nd ed.
Ong, Michael, K. (1999): Internal Credit Risk Models. Capital Allocation
and Performance Measurement, Risk Books.
Schularick [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt [...]
42 DO UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION INFLUENCE
SUICIDE MORTALITY? AN INTERNATIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
von Horst Rottmann
page
43 Die neuen europäischen Regeln
The authors sum
up the youngest political decisions in Germany and discuss them in their international contexts.
Concrete examples are ment to explain economical problems and chances in one. [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt [...]
42 DO UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION INFLUENCE
SUICIDE MORTALITY? AN INTERNATIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
von Horst Rottmann
page
43 Die neuen europäischen Regeln
Toolkit, and Cookbook.” In Handbook of International Economics,
edited by Gita Gopinath, Elhanan Helpman, and Kenneth Rogoff, 4:131–195. Hand-
book of International Economics. Elsevier. https://doi.o [...] can hedge against bad climate
news. Additionally, Choi, Gao, and Jiang (2020) show in their international sample
1. Pedersen, Fitzgibbons, and Pomorski (2021) describe three types of investors. ESG-aware [...] significant abnormal returns around February 24,
2022. Federle et al. (2022) observed in their international sample, covering firms from
2
page
54 countries, that the proximity to the conflict
Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt [...]
42 DO UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION INFLUENCE
SUICIDE MORTALITY? AN INTERNATIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
von Horst Rottmann
page
43 Die neuen europäischen Regeln
a summary of the current situation by basing their article on concrete
examples from the international and worldwide crisis years from 2020 to 2022.
Within the business ethics analysis, Schulte [...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt [...]
42 DO UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION INFLUENCE
SUICIDE MORTALITY? AN INTERNATIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
von Horst Rottmann
page
43 Die neuen europäischen Regeln
on the effects of a harmonization of EU cash payments limits on illicit activities
and the internal market, and a public consultation, the EU Commission stopped the
3 In addition, there are [...] access to ordinary
central bank accounts. According to the latest survey by the Bank for International
Settlement, 90% of 80 surveyed central banks are currently engaged in CBDC work, mainly
[...] Seitz, Gerhard Rösl und Nikolaus Bartzsch
31 Labour Market Institutions and Unemployment. An International Comparison
von Horst Rottmann und Gebhard Flaig
32 The Rule of the IMF in the European Debt
Fac-
tors in International Stock Markets: A Guide with Applications.” SSRN Electronic
Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1738315.
. 2019. “Common risk factors in international stock markets.” [...] “Quality of government institutions and
spreads on sovereign credit default swaps.” Journal of International Money and
Finance 87:82–95. issn: 02615606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2018.05.008 [...] Financial Economics 116
(1): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010.
. 2017. “International tests of a five-factor asset pricing model.” Journal of
Financial Economics 123 (3): 441–463
financial market
crises, natural disasters) and their effects on the demand for cash in an international context. It
becomes evident that over the past 30 years cash demand always increased in times [...] Winchcombe as well as the participants of a seminar hosted
by the Central Bank of Canada, the 5th international Cash conference of the Deutsche Bundesbank, the "Future
of Cash" Conference Asia and the 10th [...] dominant factor.
Regarding the demand for cash during the Covid-19 pandemic, interesting international
similarities show up. All countries analyzed were heavily hit by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the