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(2.1) to (2.3). All three parties conclude the contract provided that the contractually agreed payments (per project) to the entrepreneur, to the bank, and to the household are in line with (2.1) to (2.4) [...] reduces the ability to fund investment. Finally, an economy prone to a simultaneous monetary policy and macroprudential policy shock responds almost equally to an economy prone to a single monetary policy [...] minimum return that is necessary to induce bankers to monitor is given by Rb t = µIt ∆p , (2.2) and the minimum return that is necessary to induce entrepreneurs to choose the project variant without

resilience to power outages, cyberattacks and crises. • Private monies and systems may contribute to efficiency but are profit-driven, which limits the extent to which they can contribute to the public [...] cash and, establish rights to access and pay in cash. The cash infrastructure must be adapted to the needs of cash users, who otherwise will have no option but to shift to electronic payment alternatives [...] important for people who find it difficult to make ends meet. • Cash provides tourists and foreign visitors to a country with a certainty about being able to pay. In light of these benefits, many

supply factors to demonstrate that cash has to keep a vital role as a means of payment not only to maintain its status of a highly liquid store-of-value but also as an efficient tool to combat crises [...] population is still accustomed to banknotes and coins in its payment habits. In addition, there must be a robust cash infrastructure to ensure a well-functioning cash cycle to meet the demand for cash [...] declined from 2009 to 2020 from 54% to 21% and stayed roughly at that level in the following years. Interestingly, the value shares also fell from 2009 to 2020, from 23% to 9%, but increased

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] mailto:f.seitz@oth-aw.de page English Abstract: We analyze the ability of standard macro models to explain recessions and depressions as well as financial crises. We find that the usual textbook models [...] decisive factor is the (lack of) adjustment of the real interest rate. As a solution, we propose recourse to elements of the Loanable Funds theory. This can better explain the interactions between the goods

European Central Bank (ECB) to pursue its price stability objective. The first serious challenge for the ECB arose since 2021, when the inflation rate sharply rose above 10% due to negative supply shocks [...] Bundesbank was able to combat price increases much more strongly and sustainably than most other countries. The independence of Deutsche Bundesbank from politics contributed largely to its success. Whether [...] Whether the ECB will succeed in lowering inflation to its target level of 2% over the medium term remains to be seen. At the beginning of 2025, with 2.5 % the inflation rate in the Euro area and Germany

attributed, in part, to the international distribution of production sites and the heterogeneity of the product portfolio. However, various methodologies and principles have been devised to assist in overcoming [...] Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] Energieeffizientes eKanban- System mit autonomen Sensormodulen zur Füllstandsmessung und Reinforcement Learning zur Messintervallanpassung. https://doi.org/10.2195/LJ_PROC_KREUTZ_DE_202112_01 Lang, J., Dörner

abstract Payment costs for consumers are difficult to determine, are not recorded in an internationally harmonised manner and vary significantly from country to country. They are incurred in many forms, for [...] disclosure. To determine the total costs and for international comparisons, different key figures are calculated, such as the cost per transaction, as a percentage of the transaction value or relative to GDP [...] s, NBER Working Paper 28208, Dezember. Górka, J. (2018), Interchange Fee Economics: To Regulate or Not to Regulate?, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Greene, W. (2019), Econometric Analysis, 8. A.

by changing from procyclical to countercyclical spending after 2000 (Botswana, Nigeria) or from a-cyclical to countercyclical spending (Cape Verde) or from procyclical to a-cyclical spending (Burkina [...] (moderately) procyclical. While from 1980 to 2000 in almost two thirds of the 46 countries, which we examined, spending was procyclical this share declined to less than 40 percent after 2000 and in the [...] Africa´s fiscal deficit, which had amounted to 7 per cent in the 1980s, declined steadily during the 1990s and the 2000s and during 2006- 2010 it was close to zero. This latter period included some years

how it can steer actual inflation to its target rate. As monetary neutrality is assumed to prevail, the relative change of the price level has to be equal to the relative change in the nominal [...] difficult to gauge. The reasoning is that real balances reflect agents’ portfolio adjustments in response to aggregate demand and / or technology shocks to which they are exposed to.35 Ullersma [...] This leads to the second equilibrium. Due to growing risk and uncertainty, precautionary money demand increases, leading to an increasing value of outside money. This, in turn, leads to a collapse

how it can steer actual inflation to its target rate. As monetary neutrality is assumed to prevail, the relative change of the price level has to be equal to the relative change in the nominal [...] difficult to gauge. The reasoning is that real balances reflect agents’ portfolio adjustments in response to aggregate demand and / or technology shocks to which they are exposed to.35 Ullersma [...] This leads to the second equilibrium. Due to growing risk and uncertainty, precautionary money demand increases, leading to an increasing value of outside money. This, in turn, leads to a collapse

how it can steer actual inflation to its target rate. As monetary neutrality is assumed to prevail, the relative change of the price level has to be equal to the relative change in the nominal [...] difficult to gauge. The reasoning is that real balances reflect agents’ portfolio adjustments in response to aggregate demand and / or technology shocks to which they are exposed to.35 Ullersma [...] This leads to the second equilibrium. Due to growing risk and uncertainty, precautionary money demand increases, leading to an increasing value of outside money. This, in turn, leads to a collapse

how it can steer actual inflation to its target rate. As monetary neutrality is assumed to prevail, the relative change of the price level has to be equal to the relative change in the nominal [...] difficult to gauge. The reasoning is that real balances reflect agents’ portfolio adjustments in response to aggregate demand and / or technology shocks to which they are exposed to.35 Ullersma [...] This leads to the second equilibrium. Due to growing risk and uncertainty, precautionary money demand increases, leading to an increasing value of outside money. This, in turn, leads to a collapse

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] importance of the service business of manufacturing companies increases and the companies want to differentiate themselves with their service offerings and exploit revenue opportunities. The i [...] implemention is often mediocre. This article shows what measures companies can undertake in order to design the service business professionally and profitably. page 3 Wie erzielen

EMU (from 1999 to 2008), and an increasing dispersion of wages according to labor productivity were necessary to strengthen investment and stimulate economic growth in Germany and to reduce unemployment [...] whereas it has continued to rise against third countries. International trade is not a zero sum game. Increasing German exports contribute to growth in other economies due to their high import content [...] that Germany has done nothing to reduce its trade surplus against EMU crisis countries, while these economies were able to sharply reduce their trade deficits due to an “imposed austerity”. Therefore

Bernt Mayer 24 A Micro Data Approach to the Identification of Credit Crunches von Timo Wollmershäuser und Horst Rottmann 25 Strategies and possible directions to improve Technology Scouting in [...] Annual Review of Economics 8, 111-144. Badarinza, C., J. Campbell & T. Ramadorai (2017), What Calls to ARMs? International Evidence on Interest Rates and the Choice of Adjustable-Rate Mortgages, Management [...] (2017), Dissecting the Yield Curve: a central bank perspective, welcome remarks at the annual meeting of the ECB’s Bond Market Contact Group, Frankfurt, 16. May 2017. Deutsche Bundesbank (2002), Zum

manufacturing sector are asked to respond to the following question: “How would you assess the current willingness of banks to extend credit to businesses”? The answers to choose from are “accommodating” [...] firms. In this survey firms are asked to give their perception of the current willing- ness of banks to extend credit to businesses. We interpret the responses to the credit question as information [...] “one of the crucial issues related to the credit crunch is the extent to which profitable and viable firms did or did not have access to finance.” They tried to tackle this problem by looking at the

introduction to object-oriented programming, including an overview of the language syntax and how to develop simple applications. Students will learn how to write custom classes and methods, and how to test their [...] Learning Objectives/Competencies to be Assessed Module work (ModA) Project Work in Groups -Details to follow- The group project is used to test the practical learning content and [...] Learning Objectives/Competencies to be Assessed Module work (ModA) Project Work in Groups 50% Presentation, similar to board presentation at annual shareholder meeting 50% written

companies, ranging from research, development and engineering to production and logistics, to marketing, sales, and service, all the way to support functions. …in the purchasing or sales of digital solutions [...] Dr. Julia Heigl 1 2 Thanks to small student groups, professors, lecturers and support staff quickly get to know you by name. We are quickly accessible and try to address any problems that might [...] unique opportunity to get first-hand information - from students - and to get a first taste of university life. Corona note: As many lectures are currently held virtually due to corona, Rent a student

companies, ranging from research, development and engineering to production and logistics, to marketing, sales, and service, all the way to support functions. …in the purchasing or sales of digital [...] Last, but not least: Thanks to small student groups, professors, lecturers and support staff quickly get to know you by name. We are quickly accessible and try to address any problems that might [...] unique opportunity to get first-hand information - from students - and to get a first taste of university life. Corona note: As many lectures are currently held virtually due to corona, Rent a student

drive technology to determine resonance and absorber frequencies. The functional range of a low-cost control system is to be extended by a special measurement function that can be used to determine the frequency [...] simulative basis. The advantage of this is that rapid changes to the structure of the function and its behavior can be reproduced in the model on a one-to-one basis. Occurring disturbances, which are caused by [...] the task is to implement it on the low-cost control system and validate it using a specially designed engine test bench. Following successful validation, the measurement procedure is to be examined under

second relates to the existence of a lower threshold of cash used for transaction purposes below which it is no longer profitable for banks to guarantee access to cash and for retailers to accept cash [...] countries are quite heterogenous, both with respect to the real sector (e. g., Belke, et al., 2017) as well as to the financial (ECB, 2020a) and to the payments environment (Esselink & Hernández, 2017) [...] for all frequencies. Therefore, further modifications are needed to allow for these eventualities and to enable this method to be implemented. Fairly accurate estimation results can often be obtained

s and executives who, due to their competencies, are able to design digital business models, digital products and services as well as digital processes in the company and to implement them successfully [...] concerned about how technology, innovation culture and business are actually connected? You wanted to learn more about how the digital world of big data, social media and agile management works? Maybe you [...] disciplines. For this reason, the course is offered to graduates of business administration, computer science, engineering or related fields. Due to the international orientation of the programme, proportional

German You have completed a bachelor's degree and would like to know how to come up with ideas for innovative projects or products? Do you want to start your own start-up or drive forward digital processes [...] Entrepreneurship is not only to acquire specialist knowledge but also to develop your personal and management skills in a holistic way. Thus, the course offers you the chance to advance your methodological [...] have a good business idea and want to start your own company? We are happy for you that you want to take this courageous step towards founding a company - and we are here to support you in word and deed. Simply

interdisciplinary. In order to actively shape healthcare 4.0 in the future, you will benefit from courses in the key disciplines: management, informatics and healthcare economics. Learn to understand processes [...] ships in the healthcare market, to evaluate them in terms of health economics and, based on this, to apply digital technologies in a meaningful way. We teach you how to participate in the design and i [...] for admission to a university or technical college or a subject-related university entrance qualification. Admission is also possible via professional university access. Students have to serve a pre-study

is easy to understand and to transfer learning opportunities into blended learning formats. Services & Competences Our core competencies include interactive web-based training and blended learning courses [...] courses. From conception to media production to ready-to-use training - effective learning and engaging delivery are the keys to success. Our mission is accomplished when your employees are surprised at how [...] Menü Digital Learning Studio (current) Services & Competences Research projects Project team & contact Digital Learning Studio (current) Services & Competences Research projects Project team & contact