borrowers need to supplement the credit with their own funds to afford the
durables. To do so they have to either use their savings or decrease their spending
on non-durable goods in the short [...] women to make their own decisions concerning their resources and
allowing them to benefit from those resources (World bank, chapter 2). The term
also encompasses the improvement of their economic status [...] is received.
Households first need to cut down on their short run non-durable consumption to be
able to supplement the credit with their own funds. Consequently, many
Microfinance studies
TIPS-money
This means that commercial banks first have to transfer money from their TARGET-PM
accounts to their TIPS-DCA before they can use it for instant payments (see figure 8a). The
time [...] €32bn (End of 2021)
page
the ECB.3 Commercial banks, are free to produce book money at their will as long as it is
in line with general supervisory regulations.4 The issuance of private e-money [...] intermediaries are the owners of CBDC accounts and handle retail payments for
the central bank on their own accounts are obviously not being pursued any further.
Nonetheless, financial intermediaries
continuously deal with the topic and improve their
understanding of it when they first acquire it. Therefore, students will be able to ac-
complish their own learning rhythm. This process shall be supported
Ours (2004) Does the Recent Success of Some OECD Countries in
Lowering their Unemployment Rates Lie in the Clever Design of their Labour Market
Reforms?, Oxford Economic Papers, 56, 621 - 642.
Bertola [...] insurance system is generous, trade unions may
down weight the disutility of unemployment for their members and prefer higher real wages
for the employed. Employment will be affected negatively [...] unemployment
benefits must incorporate these aspects, because the OECD countries differ widely in their
taxation and eligibility conditions of unemployment benefits.
Tax burden on labour income
enrolling in technical programs, to support
these students at the beginning of their program, and to help
them start their career.
The Center‘s offerings include, among else:
• Girls4tech is a program [...] needs to accompany prospective stu-
dents even during the selection of their program and to familiarize
them with their program in the best-possible way. The university‘s
mission is to provide [...] excellent head start for their future
work life. Quality of teaching becomes apparent whenever OTH
Amberg-Weiden‘s graduates produce outstanding achievements
in their professions thanks to good
When leaders keep harmony in mind and take care of their subordinates, employees feel
concord in their company. Leaders express harmony by their behavior and set a good
example which influences [...] , they generally have
cooperated and shared ideas, which they would usually incorporate with their own.
During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy began to integrate the
concepts [...] harmonious corporate culture
Wujin (Wang, 2007); corporation should be concerned about employees and their families
(Renbo Chen, 2007). Some viewpoints relate to institutional culture, for example, building
agriculture. The authors sum
up the youngest political decisions in Germany and discuss them in their international contexts.
Concrete examples are ment to explain economical problems and chances
English abstract:
Packing and packaging are important components of the logistics supply chain. Their
combination with smart technologies makes it possible to integrate them as active
components with
November 2023.
Bofinger, P. (2023): Does the ECB subsidize banks by paying them interest on their
central bank deposits?, Handelsblatt, 3 February 2023.
Borio, C. (2023): Getting up from the
(2012)).
For many investors however, these methods still lack a convenient way of expressing their
subjective views. This has been addressed in seminal work by Black and Litterman (1991, 1992), [...] this field is Becker et al.
(2015), where seven different Bayesian estimators are compared to their resampled counterparts.
They find the resampled versions to perform worse than the not-resampled [...] number of observations. They do, however, also state that “no
guideline exists for the selection of their values”.
Although some suggestions of how to set τ are available, there is still a lot of subjectivity
employ classic t-tests casting some doubt on the statistical reliability of their results
because it is well-known that their use is critical in the presence of typical stock return characteristics (e. [...] has been directed to the scientific analysis of calendar
effects in stock market returns because their identification may allow the implementation of profitable in-
vestment strategies (see Lucey and Pardo [...] effect that attributes bad luck and thus low or negative returns to this specific calendar day. In their seminal
article, published in the prestigious Journal of Finance, Kolb and Rodriguez (1987) found
and Spain) were
able to improve their relative price competitiveness and thus their bilateral current account
balance against Germany by a depreciation of their currencies against the D-Mark. A nominal [...] bear problems that were already
discussed. German households can expand their spending only marginally without raising their
indebtedness, because the tax burden in Germany is very high. A large [...] is not a zero sum
game. Increasing German exports contribute to growth in other economies due to their high
import content. It does not make sense to raise German imports artificially via “push button”
research and transfer.
We would like to thank all researchers for their constant
commitment to generating new knowledge and their
willingness to make this available to all of us in the form
of this [...] will continuously deal with the topic and improve their
understanding of it when they first acquire it. Therefore,
students will be able to accomplish their own learning
rhythm. This process shall be supported [...] plants could make a great
contribution without extensive technical modifications,
especially because their gas storage enables an opera-
tion based on the demands in the power grid. In order
to estimate which
would like to thank all researchers and all those
involved for their constant curiosity, their commitment to
generating new knowledge and their willingness to make
this available to all of us in the form [...] its countermeasures.
Attacks on the internal and external communication of the
vehicles, their sensors and their decision making center
are presented. The consideration of these attack options
is necessary [...] workers on the one hand, but also the location of many
companies which are among the market leaders in their
sector and thus among the so-called “hidden champions”.
Against this backdrop, we must face together
solutions, companies have new options
for providing the information infrastructure they need to do their business. Based on a concrete
scenario in a corporate context and a structured analysis of best
B.N.; Gemünden, H.G.; Aubry, M., 2012: The three roles of a project portfolio
management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success. International
Journal of Project Management
are used predominantly. Plastics are
characterized by their good skin compatibility, their suit
ability for inexpensive serial production and their design
freedom. In addition, they are light materials [...] Alfred Höß
1 Introduction
All major automotive manufacturers have started their
work on automated driving. All their basic approaches
have one thing in common - they use onboard sensors to
control [...] enlarges its wide range
of course offerings, thus preparing the graduates for an
optimal start into their professional career. Thereby, the
OTH Amberg-Weiden adds an essential contribution to the
strengthening
problems like the
sovereign debt crisis mainly due to their inability to enforce EU member countries to reduce
their budget deficits and to their failure to force EMU members to comply with the rules [...] the IMF elaborated the
economic adjustment programs for these economies and closely monitored their progress
through quarterly reviews based on economic missions.
The active role of the IMF [...] participate
in the rescue programs? Was it a sign of weakness of the European institutions to solve their
problems alone and/or did the Europeans want to use the outstanding expertise of the IMF in
companies have to expand their service
portfolio. In addition to that executives have to answer the question, whether existing services
generate profit and provide value to their customers. This paper deals [...] B.N.; Gemünden, H.G.; Aubry, M., 2012: The three roles of a project portfolio
management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success.
International Journal of Project Management
member countries. Reciprocally, foreign companies who want to distri-
bute their products in China have to register their marks or logos with the Chinese
[...] owners may wish to consider registering
their copyright ownership at China’s National Copyright Administration (NCA) in order to
establish evidence of their ownership.42
In 1998, China established [...] organizations will not copy their innovations. Therefore, the lack
of trust generated by the deficiencies of law does not motivate innovators and scientists
to share their knowledge.
IT often
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genera-
tions to meet their own needs."23
Daraus folgt, dass Nachhaltigkeit einerseits jenes Handeln ist, das die Bedürfnisse
ts between the cyclical fluctuations of government expenditure and of real GDP
(deviations from their trends) since 1980 and for the sub-periods before 2000 and after 2000.
A positive correlation between [...] between 0.22 and – 0.221. When comparing the deviations of expenditure-GDP ratios and of
real GDP from their trends we find negative correlation coefficients for the whole period. By
contrast, when using real [...] global recession Table 4 shows the fluctuations of real public
expenditure and of real GDP around their trend before and after the global recession in 2009.
In 2009, government spending in Africa (and
patterns exist and their impact on individuals is
confirmed. Causes of abberrations of organisational steering mechanisms are
discussed. Future trends of organisations and their impact on pathological
insurance system, the disutility of
unemployment decreases and jobholders as well as unions increase their reservation wage.
This leads to a reduction of job search intensity. Search unemployment and the [...] vulnerable to the adverse effects of strict employment protection regulations.4
In addition to their negative consequences for outsiders, it is possible that strict labor market
institutions may [...] legislation. It is also
conceivable that employers might use mobbing as a strategy to force their employees to leave
the firm under strict EPL (Wasmer, 2006, and Boeris and van Ours, 2008). Agents
rising fund
volumes SWFs began to diversify their assets.
As some SWFs started to disclose their investments one can draw a clearer picture of their
behaviour and strategy even if much remains [...] immediate call on their assets. Their
investments are normally unleveraged and they have an interest in pursuing portfolio
reallocations gradually to limit adverse price effects of their transactions [...] found in
table 1. Table 1 contains the size of the funds, their origin (commodity or non-commodity
based), as well as the year of their inception.6 The ten largest funds combined have a volume