and Spain) were
able to improve their relative price competitiveness and thus their bilateral current account
balance against Germany by a depreciation of their currencies against the D-Mark. A nominal [...] bear problems that were already
discussed. German households can expand their spending only marginally without raising their
indebtedness, because the tax burden in Germany is very high. A large [...] is not a zero sum
game. Increasing German exports contribute to growth in other economies due to their high
import content. It does not make sense to raise German imports artificially via “push button”
mechanism with the task to
support euro area Member States by financing their loans in case they have problems to finance their
debt in the private financial markets.
Before installing the ESM the European [...] Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) were installed to help Ireland, Portugal and Greece to finance their
public debt.
The German State is part of the above mentioned financing mechanisms. The political
insurance system, the disutility of
unemployment decreases and jobholders as well as unions increase their reservation wage.
This leads to a reduction of job search intensity. Search unemployment and the [...] vulnerable to the adverse effects of strict employment protection regulations.4
In addition to their negative consequences for outsiders, it is possible that strict labor market
institutions may [...] legislation. It is also
conceivable that employers might use mobbing as a strategy to force their employees to leave
the firm under strict EPL (Wasmer, 2006, and Boeris and van Ours, 2008). Agents
legal point of view. The system of financing the public debt of
most of European Member States by their home banking system could hurt the guarantee of
property and the principle of equal treatment if
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genera-
tions to meet their own needs."23
Daraus folgt, dass Nachhaltigkeit einerseits jenes Handeln ist, das die Bedürfnisse
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genera-
tions to meet their own needs."23
Daraus folgt, dass Nachhaltigkeit einerseits jenes Handeln ist, das die Bedürfnisse
customers through a mix
of elements. As for customers, it may be important to reduce their
machine availability, to reduce their costs for parts, to operate
environmentally-sound with water, electric power [...] consider their benefits in a
qualitative way. They think about the impact of the service idea and
whether it enables to sell further products and/or services. Other
service ideas may impact their customer [...] questions like: Can
customers improve their efficiency and effectiveness? Can customers
produce faster through downtime reduction? Can customers improve
their supplier reliability? Can customers react
is especially high in countries that do not have significant proportions of their currency
stock circulating outside their borders. This suggests a persistent role for cash as a store of
wealth [...] of 2008
until the second quarter of 2009 to their baseline model. Second, they introduce confidence,
financial market and wealth variables to their model. They expect increases in the stock of
[...] small share –
approximately 30% – was used for transaction purposes and hoarding in Germany.1 In their
opinion, 20% is a realistic figure for banknotes hoarded in Germany. Consequently, only
around
companies have to expand their service
portfolio. In addition to that executives have to answer the question, whether existing services
generate profit and provide value to their customers. This paper deals [...] B.N.; Gemünden, H.G.; Aubry, M., 2012: The three roles of a project portfolio
management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success.
International Journal of Project Management
values in their business life. Usage of IT and
communication tools is integral part of their business and private life. However,
employees of Gen. Y need support to strengthen their awareness about
solutions, companies have new options
for providing the information infrastructure they need to do their business. Based on a concrete
scenario in a corporate context and a structured analysis of best
that the indicators are most helpful during periods of large swings in
world growth. However, their usefulness fluctuates greatly over time. The only paper which
addresses turning points directly [...] dependent variables used. Following this, section 3 introduces the Probit
models and presents their results. Section 4 summarises and concludes.
2. Data
We use seasonally-adjusted quarterly
regressions. However, their descriptive subsample comparison of quintile hedge portfolio
returns shows declines for size, value and momentum. A switch to decile portfolios changes their size results to an [...] of many well-known anomalies. In this article,
we extend their study in two important ways. First, we analyse the robustness of their time-series
evidence for the US market by using a more advanced [...] provide additional
evidence for this argument for nine anomalies in the UK stock market.
In their conclusion, Chordia et al. (2014, p. 57) argue that “return predictability would diminish
to a
borrowers need to supplement the credit with their own funds to afford the
durables. To do so they have to either use their savings or decrease their spending
on non-durable goods in the short [...] women to make their own decisions concerning their resources and
allowing them to benefit from those resources (World bank, chapter 2). The term
also encompasses the improvement of their economic status [...] is received.
Households first need to cut down on their short run non-durable consumption to be
able to supplement the credit with their own funds. Consequently, many
Microfinance studies
(2012)).
For many investors however, these methods still lack a convenient way of expressing their
subjective views. This has been addressed in seminal work by Black and Litterman (1991, 1992), [...] this field is Becker et al.
(2015), where seven different Bayesian estimators are compared to their resampled counterparts.
They find the resampled versions to perform worse than the not-resampled [...] number of observations. They do, however, also state that “no
guideline exists for the selection of their values”.
Although some suggestions of how to set τ are available, there is still a lot of subjectivity
B.N.; Gemünden, H.G.; Aubry, M., 2012: The three roles of a project portfolio
management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success. International
Journal of Project Management
continuously deal with the topic and improve their
understanding of it when they first acquire it. Therefore, students will be able to ac-
complish their own learning rhythm. This process shall be supported
English abstract:
Packing and packaging are important components of the logistics supply chain. Their
combination with smart technologies makes it possible to integrate them as active
components with
networking in a variety of ways. The networked products force companies to rethink
their business models and industries - their strategy, relationships with customers and
suppliers, processes and structures [...] the digital solution space, and 4) developing the roadmap. The phases are explained
in terms of their objectives, activities and tools.
Keywords: Digital strategy, digitalization, innovation
workers in the german meat industry. The authors give a summary
of the current situation by basing their text on concrete examples, which happened from may to
september 2020.
Within the business ethics
the effect of the ECB’s unconventional monetary policy on the euro area economy
as a whole.6 Their findings suggest that the aggregate government budget balance
improves temporarily in response [...] country’s low corporate tax rates attracted co-
operation from some large multinationals to relocate their economic activity to the country. We
take account of the structural break in Irish GDP by smoothing [...] sovereign debt crisis: ”The ability to push government authorities to make decisions contrary
to their immediate desire gave the bank an unexpected political role” (pp. 125).
19While the ’two pack’
Dunning, D., Johnson, K., Ehrlinger, J. & Kruger, J. (2003). Why People
Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence. Current Directions in
Psychological Science, 12(3), 83–87. https://doi.org/10 [...] Job Mismatching (GATE - Working Paper Nr. 1705).
Mahmood, K. (2016). Do People Overestimate Their Information Literacy
Skills? A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence on the Dunning-
Kruger
different types of crises (technological crises, financial market
crises, natural disasters) and their effects on the demand for cash in an international context. It
becomes evident that over the past [...] of Cash" Conference Asia and the 10th Economics of Payments Conference of the Bank of Finland for their
valuable comments.
annotation mailto:gerhard.roesl@oth-regensburg.de mailto:gerhard.roesl [...] (geo-) political crisis
after 9/11 in 2001 or the Euro crisis in 2010/11 could also be analysed. In their nature, however, these crises
were effectively confidence crises and, hence, do not differ too much
Eugene Fama and Kenneth
French argue that their size and value risk premiums already account for default risk,
Vassalou and Xing (2004) deduce, based on their findings, that only part of the default
[...] description of their usage in the analysis, can be found in Table A1 in Appendix A.
The data are retrieved in e, except for the UK and Switzerland, for which we ini-
tially retrieved data in their domestic [...] markets, in contrast to their European counterparts. As such, in times of distress in
the banking sector, they might not be able to freely act on the stock market. This
limits their room for action and
TIPS-money
This means that commercial banks first have to transfer money from their TARGET-PM
accounts to their TIPS-DCA before they can use it for instant payments (see figure 8a). The
time [...] €32bn (End of 2021)
page
the ECB.3 Commercial banks, are free to produce book money at their will as long as it is
in line with general supervisory regulations.4 The issuance of private e-money [...] intermediaries are the owners of CBDC accounts and handle retail payments for
the central bank on their own accounts are obviously not being pursued any further.
Nonetheless, financial intermediaries